In a historic advisory opinion, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the United Nations' highest court, has ruled that all countries are legally obligated under international law to address climate change and curb greenhouse gas emissions. The court found that failure to act on climate change could be considered an 'internationally wrongful act,' opening the door for nations to be held liable for damages and reparations, especially to vulnerable countries suffering climate impacts. The ruling emphasizes that a healthy environment is a human right and that wealthy, high-emitting nations have a particular responsibility to meet their climate commitments. This landmark decision is expected to influence global climate litigation, strengthen climate justice efforts, and increase pressure on governments to take urgent action. The case was spearheaded by Pacific Island nations, notably Vanuatu, and is seen as a major victory for climate advocates and youth movements worldwide.
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