In a historic ruling, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the United Nations' highest court, has declared that all countries are legally obligated under international law to address the 'urgent and existential threat' of climate change. The court's advisory opinion states that failure to curb greenhouse gas emissions and protect the environment could constitute a violation of international law, opening the door for nations—especially those most affected by climate change—to seek reparations from major polluters. This decision was prompted by a case brought by the Pacific nation of Vanuatu and is seen as a major victory for climate justice advocates and vulnerable communities. The ruling affirms that a healthy environment is a human right and that wealthy nations, in particular, must comply with their climate commitments or face legal and financial liability. While the opinion is non-binding, it sets a powerful legal precedent that could reshape global climate policy and accountability.
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